Systems and methods for attributing security vulnerabilities to a configuration of a client device

ABSTRACT

This disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for receiving security configuration information and malware state information for a plurality of client devices, the security configuration information comprising identification of at least one of security parameters, hardware configurations, or software configurations of each of the plurality of client devices, and the malware state information comprising identification of at least one or more types of malware on each of the plurality of devices. The security configuration information and malware state information may be analyzed to identify which client devices from the plurality of devices have a security configuration that places the identified client devices in a vulnerable security state.

BACKGROUND

Existing threat protection solutions take into account the activitieshappening on a single machine, such as what software applications may becurrently running or had been run in the past, which user may be loggedin, which universal resource locator (URL) may be currently visited orvisited in the past, etc. However, in most instances, these threatprotection solutions do not take into account the device configurationor security states of the machine. And even when the threat protectionsolutions do consider the device configuration or security state of themachine, the underlying information cannot be considered trustworthy asthe underlying information may not be verified by, or attested to, byanother independent trustworthy third party device. Thus, in someinstances, the threat protection solutions may be analyzing a spoofeddevice configuration if the machine has been compromised.

Thus, there exists a need for improvement in assessing securityvulnerabilities of machines.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or moreimplementations of the present disclosure in order to provide a basicunderstanding of such implementations. This summary is not an extensiveoverview of all contemplated implementations, and is intended to neitheridentify key or critical elements of all implementations nor delineatethe scope of any or all implementations. Its sole purpose is to presentsome concepts of one or more implementations of the present disclosurein a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description thatis presented later.

One example implementation relates to a method for controlling securityrisks on client devices. The method may include receiving securityconfiguration information for a plurality of client devices. In someimplementations, the security configuration information may includeidentification of at least one of security parameters, hardwareconfigurations, or software configurations of each of the plurality ofclient devices. The method may also include receiving malware stateinformation for each of the plurality of client devices. In someimplementations, the malware state information may includeidentification of at least one or more types of malware on each of theplurality of devices. The method may also include analyzing the securityconfiguration information and the malware state information for eachclient device to identify which client devices from the plurality ofdevices have a security configuration that places the identified clientdevices in a vulnerable security state.

In another example, a computer device for controlling security risks isdisclosed. The computer device may include a memory to store data andinstructions and a processor in communication with the memory. Theprocessor may be configured to execute instructions to receive securityconfiguration information for a plurality of client devices. In someimplementations, the security configuration information may includeidentification of at least one of security parameters, hardwareconfigurations, or software configurations of each of the plurality ofclient devices. The processor may be configured to execute instructionsto receive malware state information for each of the plurality of clientdevices. In some implementations, the malware state information mayinclude identification of at least one or more types of malware on eachof the plurality of devices. The processor may be configured to executeinstructions to analyze the security configuration information and themalware state information for each client device to identify whichclient devices from the plurality of devices have a securityconfiguration that places the identified client devices in a vulnerablesecurity state.

Another example implementation relates to computer-readable mediumstoring instructions executable by a computer device. The instructionsmay include code for receiving security configuration information for aplurality of client devices. In some implementations, the securityconfiguration information may include identification of at least one ofsecurity parameters, hardware configurations, or software configurationsof each of the plurality of client devices. The instructions may includecode for receiving malware state information for each of the pluralityof client devices. In some implementations, the malware stateinformation may include identification of at least one or more types ofmalware on each of the plurality of devices. The instructions mayinclude code for analyzing the security configuration information andthe malware state information for each client device to identify whichclient devices from the plurality of devices have a securityconfiguration that places the identified client devices in a vulnerablesecurity state.

Additional advantages and novel features relating to implementations ofthe present disclosure will be set forth in part in the description thatfollows, and in part will become more apparent to those skilled in theart upon examination of the following or upon learning by practicethereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example implementation of a networkfor attributing security vulnerabilities to a configuration of a clientdevice;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example method for attributing securityvulnerabilities to a configuration of a client device in accordance withan implementation of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example method for receiving secureinformation in accordance with an implementation of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example method for determining one or moresets of at-risk client devices in accordance with an implementation ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another example implementation of anetwork for attributing security vulnerabilities to a configuration of aclient device;

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an example security managerserver in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an example client device inaccordance with an implementation of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an example attestation server inaccordance with an implementation of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 9-12 are examples of sample reports in accordance withimplementations of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is an example of chart illustrating inter-correlations of sampleparameters in accordance with an implementation of the presentdisclosure; and

FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an example antivirus server inaccordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for managingsecurity threats, such as malware on client devices, by attributingsecurity vulnerabilities associated with malware to one or more deviceconfigurations of a client device and reporting on and/or updatingdevice configurations to avoid the security risk. In particular, thesystem includes a security threat model, such as a trained machinelearning model, which analyzes device configuration information andmalware state information for a plurality of devices to identifycorresponding at-risk client devices.

Referring to FIG. 1, in an example implementation, a network 100 forattributing security vulnerabilities to a configuration of a clientdevice and reducing security risks may include a plurality of clientdevices 110 that provide security configuration information 125 to asecurity manager server 130 and an antivirus server 180 that providesmalware state information 121 for each of the plurality of clientdevices 110 to the security manager server 130. The security managerserver 130 may use the security configuration information 125 and themalware state information 121 to identify at-risk client devices 160.For example, the security configuration information 125 may include, butis not limited to, information on a security configuration including oneor more security parameters, hardware features, software features,and/or firmware features of the client device, or any other parameter,feature, or characteristic of the client device that may be used toidentify a security configuration and/or measure security-relatedproperties of a client device.

In some implementations, the antivirus server 180 may receive themalware state information 121 from each of the plurality of clientdevices 110. The malware state information 121 may include, but is notlimited to, types of malware files present on the client device, anumber of malware files present on the client device, a period of timethe malware files have been present on the client device, and/or anyother type of malware-related or infection-related information. Inparticular, the security manager server 130 includes a security riskmodel 105 configured to identify one or more vulnerable securityconfigurations 162 each having a corresponding vulnerable security state140 based on analyzing and correlating the security configurationinformation 125 and the malware state information 121. The security riskmodel 105 may be a trained machine learning model, such as based onsupervised and/or unsupervised training using an algorithm such as, butnot limited to, multi-class decision tree, deep neural network, ortemporal-based algorithms. The one or more vulnerable securityconfigurations 162 may be different sets of parameters, features,configurations, etc., such as respective subsets of the securityconfiguration information 125, identified as contributing to acorresponding one or more security risks based on being associated withthe presence of one or more malware according to the correlationsperformed by the security risk model 105. The vulnerable security state140 may be an indicator of a level of security risk or vulnerability toinfection by malware according to the correlations performed by thesecurity risk model 105. For example, the vulnerable security state 140may be a number or percentage associated with a confidence in predictedsecurity risk, or a word describing a level (which may be a range of thenumber or percentage) of the security risk, e.g., low, medium, high.Additionally, the security risk model 105 can compare the vulnerablesecurity configurations 162 to the security configuration information125 of each of the plurality of client devices 110 to identify matches,and hence to identify which client devices from the plurality of devices110 have a security configuration 125 that places the identified clientdevices in the vulnerable security state 140. That is, the security riskmodel 105 may compare the security configuration information 125 foreach client 110 device to known security configurations, e.g.,vulnerable security configurations 162, that place the client device inthe vulnerable security state. In this way, the security risk model 105may identify which client device(s) of the plurality of devices 110 areat-risk client devices 160 based on having security configurationinformation 125 that matches at least one of the vulnerable securityconfigurations 162. The security manager server 130 may further includea report generator 138 configured to generate and output, e.g., to adisplay or a printer, a risk report 170 that includes the identifiedclient devices. Alternatively, or in addition, the security managerserver 130 may further include a configuration updater component 136operable to identify, for each at-risk client device 160 and eachvulnerable security configuration 162, a configuration update 165 thatincludes a change in one or more parameters, features, or othercharacteristics of the security configuration information 125 to reduceor avoid the security threat associated with the correspondingvulnerable security configuration 162 and vulnerable security state 140.Further, in some implementations, the configuration updater component136 may be operable to automatically, or in response to a manualtrigger, initiate transmitting each respective configuration update 165to each at-risk client device 160.

In some implementations, in order to avoid the possibility of tamperingwith the information by malware, the security manager server 130 mayobtain a secure form of the security configuration information 125. Forexample, each client device 110 may include a secure component, such asa trusted platform module (TPM), having secure code that is operable tocollect the security configuration information 125 and validate thisinformation via secure message exchanges with another trusted device(e.g., trusted by client device 110 and by security manager server 130),such as a device health attestation server 120. For instance, eachclient device 110 and device health attestation server 120 maycommunicate using the device health attestation protocol available fromMicrosoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash. In this case, the securityconfiguration information 125 may be captured in first security profiledata 112 on each client device 110, and a duplicate copy as secondsecurity profile data 128 on the device health attestation server 120.Further, the first security profile data 112 and the second securityprofile data 128 may both include attestation data 122 that validates anauthenticity of the first security profile data 112 and the secondsecurity profile data 128. The attestation data 122 may include a uniquecode or identifier that allows the first security profile data 112 andthe second security profile data 128 to be matched and verified againstone another. As such, in this implementation, the security managerserver 130 may receive the first security profile data 112 from theplurality of client devices 110, and the second security profile data128 from the device health attestation server 120, and then compare thecorresponding attestation data 122 to ensure the information is validbefore initiating processing by the security risk model 105. Furtherdetails of this implementation will be discussed below. Thus, securitymanager server 130 may be operable to monitor, control, and/or reducesecurity risks in the form of malware infections in the plurality ofclient devices 110.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an example method 200 for attributing securityvulnerabilities to a configuration of a client device that may be usedby the security manager sever 130 (FIG. 1) may include one or moreactions performed by one or more components of the security managerserver 130. It should be understood that the security manager server 130may be configured in other manners to perform these actions. Additionalreferences may be made to FIGS. 3-8, which include additional or relatedportions of method 200 or architectural components of security managerserver 130, client device 110, and/or device health attestation server120 used in conjunction with performing method 200.

At 205, method 200 includes receiving security configuration information125 for a plurality of client devices 110, the security configurationinformation 125 comprising identification of at least one of securityparameters, hardware configurations, or software configurations of eachof the plurality of client devices 110. For example, in animplementation referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, the security managerserver 130 and/or a security risk correlator component 134 may receivethe security configuration information 125 from the plurality of clientdevices 110 and/or the attestation server 120. For instance, thesecurity manager server 130 may establish a wired or wirelesscommunication link, e.g., directly or indirectly through a local or widearea network, and may periodically and/or on request receive thesecurity configuration information 125 from the plurality of clientdevices 110 and/or the attestation server 120.

At 210, method 200 includes receiving malware state information 121 foreach of the plurality of client devices 110, the malware stateinformation 121 comprising identification of at least one or more typesof malware on each of the plurality of devices. For example, in animplementation referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, the security managerserver 130 and/or a security risk correlator component 134 may receivethe malware state information 121 for the plurality of client devices110 from the antivirus server 180. For instance, the security managerserver 130 may establish a wired or wireless communication link, e.g.,directly or indirectly through a local or wide area network, and mayperiodically and/or on request receive the malware state information 121for the plurality of client devices 110 from the antivirus server 180.

In an implementation, additionally referring to FIG. 7, each clientdevice 110 may include a security manager component 768 that controlsthe security configuration information 125. For instance, the securitymanager component 768 may include a security configuration component 770that manages the security configuration information 125. Examples of thesecurity configuration component 770 may include, but are not limitedto, secure boot software, Device Health Attestation™ security software,such as BitLocker™ security software, etc.

Optionally, at 300 and with further reference to FIG. 3, at least one ofreceiving the security configuration information 125 (at 205) andreceiving the malware state information 121 (at 210) may further includereceiving secure information.

For example, at 305, receiving secure information includes receivingfirst security profile data 112 from each of the plurality of clientdevices 110, wherein the first security profile data 112 includes atleast one of the secure configuration information 125. Further, thefirst security profile data 112 may be based on a message exchange byeach of the plurality of client devices 110 with the attestation server120 and may be an encrypted, client-side version of the at least one ofthe security configuration information 125. For example, in animplementation, each of the plurality of client devices 110 may initiatean exchange with the attestation server 120. For example, during eachboot, a TPM 10 (as shown in FIG. 5) of each client device 110 storesboot data 12 in an encrypted format hashed by a private key sealedinside the TPM 10, and each of the plurality of client devices 110 sendsthe boot data 12 to the attestation server 120. In turn, the attestationserver 120 uses the boot data 12 and verifies that it matches a valuecomputed from individual security parameters on the client device 110.Once the attestation server 120 determines that the boot data 12 istrustworthy, the attestation server 120 may encrypt the boot data 12 andsend the boot data 12 back to a respective client device 110, which maythen transmit the encrypted boot data as first security profile data 112to the security manager server 130. In some implementations, theplurality of client devices 110 may be device health attestation (DHA)enabled devices, such as a mobile device, a desktop, a laptop, a tablet,a server, etc., and the boot data 12 may be DHA boot data. It should beunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the arts that these are merelyexamples of DHA enabled devices, and that other DHA enabled devices arefurther contemplated in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

Further, for example, at 310, receiving secure information mayadditionally or alternatively include receiving second security profiledata 128 from the attestation server 120 for each of the plurality ofclient devices 110. Further, the second security profile data 128includes at least one of the security configuration information 125 foreach of the plurality of client devices 110. Also, the second securityprofile data 128 is based on a message exchange by the attestationserver 120 with each of the plurality of client devices 110 and may bean encrypted, server-side version of the at least one of the securityconfiguration information 125 and the malware state information 121. Forexample, in an implementation, after receiving the boot data 12 from oneof the plurality of client devices 110, the attestation server 120verifies that the boot data 12 matches a value computed from individualsecurity parameters on the client device 110. Once the attestationserver 120 determines that the boot data 12 is trustworthy, theattestation server 120 may encrypt the boot data 12 and send the bootdata 12 as the second security profile data 128 to the security managerserver 130.

In some implementations, the first and second security data profiles112, 128 may each include the attestation data 122, which may includeDHA report 124. In some implementations, the DHA report 124 may includethe security configuration info 125 and a correlation identifier (ID)126, which may be used to correlate data between each of the pluralityof client devices 110 and the attestation server 120. In some instances,the DHA report 124 may be generated after reviewing the boot data 12 ofeach respective client device 110. In this way, even if a client device110 were infected with operating systems kernel level malware or arootkit, the attestation server 120 may receive the boot data of eachclient device 110 so that the security parameters, etc., of the clientdevice 110 cannot be easily spoofed. In some implementations, the firstand second device security profile data 112, 128, may be provided to thesecurity manager server 130 using a universal telemetry client (UTC)that implements a client logging library (CLL). In some implementations,UTC may be a software running on each of the plurality of clientdevices, which may collect configuration information of each clientdevice, e.g., random access memory (RAM) size, machine type, hard disksize/type processor type/size software programs installed on the client,etc. In further implementations, the CLL may be one or more applicationprogramming interfaces that log various attributes and events on theclient devices 110.

The attestation server 120 may use the security configurationinformation 125 including one or more security parameters, hardwarefeatures, software features, and/or firmware features of the clientdevice 110 to measure security properties of each of the client device'sboot operations. The one or more device security parameters may include,but not limited to, one or more security/encryption features that may behardware, software, or a combination of both, one or more features of anoperating system used during booting of the one or more client devices,one or more operating states of the plurality of client devices, and/orone or more operating systems used to install, deploy, and repair theplurality of client devices 110. The hardware features may include theTPM 10, an amount of memory of the client device, an amount of storagespace of the client device, a type of client device, a connection of theclient device to the cloud, a location of the client device, etc. Thesoftware features may include what type of software applications areoperating on the client device, etc. These device security parameters,hardware features, software features, and firmware features are someexamples, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in thearts that other parameters/features are also contemplated in accordancewith implementations of the present disclosure. In some implementations,the device configuration may be collected from client devices that haveprovided consent or opted in to the processes for attributing securityvulnerabilities to the configuration of the device.

In some implementations, the first device security profile information112 may also include, but is not limited to, a unique identifier of theclient device, an error code for a result of an operation, aninformation bit mask, which may be a bit vector of various detailingattributes for a TPM state of the client device, a nonce length, whichmay be an integer value based on whether the TPM version implemented onthe client device, a nonce value, which may be a random value used toprevent replay attacks, a timestamp indicating when the nonce value wasgenerated for the DHA transaction, and a version of the DHA report 124being sent by the client device 110. The second device security profileinformation 128 may also include, but is not limited to, an error codefor the result of the operation.

Referring back to FIG. 2, at 215, method 200 includes analyzing thesecurity configuration information 125 and the malware state information121 for each client device 110 to identify which client devices from theplurality of devices 110 have a security configuration that places theidentified client devices in a vulnerable security state 140. Forexample, in an implementation that additionally refers to FIG. 5, thesecurity manager server 130 and/or security risk correlator 134 executesthe security risk model 105 to identify which client devices 110 have asecurity configuration that places the identified client devices in thevulnerable security state 140. That is, the security risk model 105 mayidentify one or more at-risk client devices 160.

The security risk model 105 is operable to analyze the securityconfiguration information 125 and the malware state information 121 foreach of the plurality of client devices 110. In some implementations,each at-risk client device 160 comprises security configurationinformation 125 that matches, at least in part, one or more vulnerablesecurity configurations 162. For example, in an implementation, uponreceipt of the security configuration information 125 and the malwarestate information 121, security risk model 105 may determine thevulnerable security state 140 of each the plurality of client devices110 based on the security configuration information 125 and the malwarestate information 121. In other words, security risk model 105 comparesthe security configuration information 125 and the malware stateinformation 121 of each client device with combinations of securityconfiguration information and malware state information known orpredicted to be associated with one or more vulnerable security states140. Further, the security risk model 105 can classify the vulnerablesecurity state 140, e.g., based on a score, and determine whether theclient device 110 has, for example, a high level of vulnerability, amoderate level of vulnerability, a low level of vulnerability, etc.,where each level of vulnerability may correspond to a range ofprobabilities of a given configuration will result in a security risk.

In some optional implementations, additionally referring to FIG. 4, at405, analyzing the security configuration information 125 and themalware state information at 215 optionally may further include or bebased on determining the vulnerable security state 140 for eachvulnerable security configuration 162 by determining an infectionpattern 142 for each of the plurality of client devices 110 based on oneor more of a number of types of malware files present on each clientdevice, a number of malware files present on each client device, or aperiod of time the malware files have been present on each clientdevice, and associating one or more sets of infection patterns 142 witha corresponding one or more vulnerable security states 140. For example,in an implementation, the security manager server 130 and/or securityrisk correlator 134 executing the security risk model 105 may use theinfection pattern 142 of each of the plurality of client devices 110 toidentify the at-risk client devices 160 based on the vulnerable securitystate 140 of each client device 110.

To achieve this, the security manager server 130 and/or security riskcorrelator 134 may, for example, execute the security risk model 105 togroup the plurality of client devices 110 based on a number of uniquemalware files m, a number of malware families f, and a number of daysmalware files were detected on a client device dmax, which may be basedon a period for determining the pattern of infection 142. In someimplementations, the security manager server 130 and/or security riskcorrelator 134 may periodically, e.g., daily, weekly, and/or andmonthly, determine the pattern of infection 142 of each the plurality ofclient devices 110. For example, when determining the pattern ofinfection 142 daily, dmax may be 1, when determining the pattern ofinfection 142 weekly dmax may be 7, and when determining the pattern ofinfection 142 monthly, dmax be 28. Thus, for each of the plurality ofclient devices, the following may be calculated daily, weekly, and/ormonthly:

-   -   the number of unique malware files m;    -   the number of malware families f; and    -   a number of days files were detected machine dmax.

In some aspects, the security manager server 130 and/or security riskcorrelator 134 may calculate a range for the number of unique malwarefiles mr and a range for the number of malware families fr based on thenumber of unique malware files m and the number of malware families f,respectively. In some implementations, the infection pattern 142 may beillustrated using a unique identifier, for example, a four-digit number.Although a four-digit number is described herein, it should beunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the arts that other uniqueidentifiers are also contemplated in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure.

In some implementations, a most significant digit of the uniqueidentifier may be based on the range for the number of unique malwarefiles mr, a second digit of the unique identifier may be based on therange for the number of malware families fr, a third digit the uniqueidentifier may be based on the number of days files were detectedmachine dmax, and a least significant digit may be based on whether aclient device is a shared global unique identifier device (“GUIDdevice”).

The range for the number of unique malware files mr and the range forthe number of malware families fr, may each be rated on a scale of 1 to5, with 1 indicating a low number of files or family names,respectively, and 5 indicating a large number of files or family names,respectively. In some implementations, devices with ranges mr and frfalling below a first threshold may be rated 1, devices with ranges mrand fr falling between the first threshold and a second threshold may berated 2, devices with ranges mr and fr falling between the secondthreshold and a third threshold may be rated 3, devices with ranges mrand fr falling between the third threshold and a fourth threshold may berated 4, and devices with ranges mr and fr falling above the fourththreshold may be rated 5. The number of days files were detected machinedmax may be rated on a scale of 1 to 3, with 1 indicating a low numberof days and 3 indicating a large number of days. For example, in someimplementations, devices with the number of days files were detectedmachine dmax falling below a first threshold may be rated 1, deviceswith the number of days files were detected machine dmax falling betweenthe first threshold and a second threshold may be rated 2, devices withthe number of days files were detected machine dmax between the secondthreshold and a third threshold may be rated 3. The least significantdigit may have either a value of 1 indicating that the client device isa global unique identifier (GUID) device or a value of 0 indicating thatthe client device is not a GUID device, or vice-versa. That is, theleast significant digit may be used to identify whether the clientdevice is a GU ID device.

In a further optional implementation, at 410, identifying the clientdevices further comprises determining a plurality of groups ofidentified client devices based on the vulnerable security state of eachidentified client device. In some implementations, grouping identifiedclient devices may be based on the infection pattern 142 of the clientdevice matching with one or more infection patterns associated with theone or more vulnerable security states. For example, in animplementation, the security manager server 130 and/or security riskcorrelator 134 may execute the security risk model 105 to create adataset 150 including the security configuration information 125 of eachof the plurality of client devices 110, a unique identifier 152 of eachof the plurality of client devices 110, and the infection pattern 142 ofeach of the plurality of client devices 110. In some implementations,this may be achieved by merging the first and second security dataprofiles 112, 128 based on the correlation ID 126. In cases where thefirst and second security data profiles 112, 128 may initially onlyinclude the security configuration information 125, the data merger 134may also merge the first and/or security profile data 112 and/or 128with the malware state information 121 from the antivirus server 180 touniquely identify each client device 110.

In some implementations, the security manager server 130 and/or securityrisk correlator 134 may apply a machine learning algorithm, e.g.,security risk model 105, to the dataset 150 to determine a correlation154 between the security configuration information 125 of each of theplurality of client devices 110 and respective vulnerable securitystates 140. As an example dataset is listed below as Table I. In someimplementations, as listed in Table I, the dataset 150 may include oneor more security parameters of each of the client devices, hardwarefeatures of each client device, one or more other device-specificparameters (e.g., a country in which the device is located), and theinfection pattern 142.

TABLE I Defender Fields DHA Device Security Fields Device CensusInfection Bitlocker SecureBoot CodeIntegrity ELAMDriver VSM FieldsPattern AIKPresent Status Enabled Enabled Loaded Enabled CountryNameScore TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE Norway 5431 TRUE 1 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUENorway 5431 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE New Zealand 1111 TRUE 0 TRUETRUE TRUE FALSE New Zealand 1111 FALSE 1 FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE UnitedKingdom 1111 FALSE 1 FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE United Kingdom 1111 TRUE 1TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE United Kingdom 1110 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUEUnited States 1111 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE United States 1111 TRUE 0TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE India 1111 FALSE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE UnitedStates 1110 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE United States 3221 TRUE 0 FALSETRUE TRUE FALSE Israel 2211 TRUE 0 FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Israel 2211TRUE 1 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE United States 1111 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUEFALSE France 3321 TRUE 1 TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE United States 5431 TRUE 0TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE United States 5431 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE UnitedStates 5431 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE United States 5431 TRUE 0 TRUETRUE TRUE TRUE United States 5431 TRUE 0 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE UnitedStates 5431 TRUE 1 FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE United States 5431 TRUE 0 TRUETRUE TRUE TRUE United States 5431

The machine learning algorithm, e.g., security risk model 105, may betrained on data from a plurality of test devices, such that the machinelearning algorithm may be used to identify the one or more vulnerablesecurity configurations 162 that render the plurality of client devices110 as at-risk client devices 160. In other words, the security riskmodel 105 may compare the security configuration of each client device,as identified by the security configuration information, with one ormore known security configurations that respectively place the clientdevice 110 in one of one or more vulnerable security states 140. In thisway, the security manager server 130 and/or security risk correlator 134may identify the at-risk client devices 160. In this way, the securitymanager server 130 and/or security risk correlator 134 may attribute thevulnerable security state 140 of a client device 110 to its deviceconfiguration. Using this correlation, the security manager server 130and/or security risk correlator 134 may identify the one or morevulnerable security configurations 162 that render at-risk clientdevices 160 susceptible to one or more security risks. In someimplementations, a confidence in this attribution may be measured basedon how significant this correlation is statistically, e.g., is thecorrelation observed on large sample of client devices from an overalldevice population. The security risk model 105 may include or be basedon one or more machine learning algorithms, such as but not limited to,a multiclass decision forest, one or more deep neural networks, ortemporal-based machine learning algorithms, although it should beunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the arts that other machinelearning algorithms are also contemplated in accordance withimplementations of the present disclosure.

In another further optional implementation, at 415, calculating avulnerability score 144 for each of the plurality of client devices 110based on the infection pattern 142 for each of the plurality of clientdevices 110, and wherein the vulnerable security state 140 associatedwith each of the sets of at-risk client devices 160 is based on therespective vulnerability score 144 of each of the plurality of clientdevices 110. For example, in an implementation, to achieve this, thesecurity manager server 130 and/or security risk correlator 134 may, forexample, use a trained and/or untrained machine learning algorithm,e.g., security risk model 105, to generate the vulnerability score 144of the plurality of client devices 110 based on vulnerable securitystates of a plurality of training devices. In further implementations,the vulnerability score 144 of the plurality of client devices 110 basedon customized levels received from a user. The vulnerability score 114may be based on a scale from 0 to 100, and client devices 110 having ascore over a first threshold may be have a high vulnerability, deviceshaving a score between the first threshold and a second threshold mayhave a moderate vulnerability, and devices having a score below thesecond threshold may have a low vulnerability. Although the presentexample is based on three levels of vulnerability, it should beunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the arts that any number oflevels of vulnerability are also contemplated in accordance with aspectsof the present disclosure.

Referring back to FIG. 2, at 225, method 200 may further includedetermining a configuration update 165 for at least one vulnerablesecurity configuration, wherein the configuration update 165 changes oneor more configuration parameters of the security configurationinformation 125 of each corresponding at-risk client device 160 toreduce or eliminate the corresponding vulnerable security state. Forexample, in an implementation, the security manager server 130 and/orconfiguration updater 136 may identify one or more security parametersof each of the at-risk devices 160 that may be modified to increase asecurity of each of the at-risk devices 160. To achieve this, thesecurity manager server 130 and/or configuration updater 136 maydetermine an inter-correlation 164 between the security parameters thatmay be used to determine whether a combination of two or more securityparameters, hardware features, software feature, and/or firmwarefeatures increases, decreases, or has no effect on the security of theat-risk devices 160. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13, theinter-correlation 164 may be scored with any value between, for example,−1 to 1. In some instances, a score close to 0 indicates that there isno significant correlation between the combination of parameters, ascore closer to −1 indicates the combination of parameters are notcorrelated to one another, and a score closer to 1 indicates thecombination of parameters are correlated to one another. Although theinter-correlation is described as being scored with any value between −1to 1, those of ordinary skill in arts would understand that this ismerely an example, and other scales for scoring the inter-correlation164 are also contemplated in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. Thus, the inter-correlation 164 between the securityparameters may be used, for example, to determine the configurationupdate 165 for a given client device. For example, the security managerserver 130 and/or configuration updater 136 may identify whichcombination of parameters provides for increased security of the at-riskdevices.

Also, at 230, method 200 may further include initiating applying theconfiguration update 165 to each of the at-risk client devices 160corresponding to the at least one vulnerability security configuration.For example, in an implementation, the security manager server 130and/or configuration updater 136 may transmit update instructions 166 toeach of the at-risk devices 160 that includes instructions forenabling/disabling one or more security parameters based on theinter-correlation 164 and the security configuration information 125 ofthe at-risk device 160. As a result, the at-risk device 160 may updatethe security configuration information 125 to enable, disable, or changeattributes of one or more security parameters to increase security ofthe device.

Optionally, at 225, method 200 may further include outputting a reportof at least a portion of the one or more sets of at-risk client devices160 and the associated ones of the one or more vulnerable securitystates 140. For example, in an implementation, the security managerserver 130 and/or report generator 138 may generate a risk report 170based on correlations between the different security configurationinformation 125 and the vulnerable security state 140 of the pluralityof client devices 110. In some implementations, the risk report 170 maybe customized in accordance with user requirements. FIGS. 9-12illustrate different sample risk reports 170.

For example, FIG. 9 illustrates an example risk report 900 that includescategories 910 for the plurality of client devices 110 according to atype of the client device 110, e.g., domain controller machines, dataservers, email servers, executive machines, test lab machines, etc., apercentage of at-risk devices 160 in each category 920, a total numberof client devices 110 in each category 930, a breakdown of the deviceconfiguration of the client devices 110 identified as being at risk 940,and a graph 960 to illustrate the percentage of the at-risk devices 160.For example, the breakdown may indicate whether a given securityparameter, hardware features, software feature, and/or firmware featureswas enabled/disabled and the number of devices having such aconfiguration. In some implementations, an order of the securityparameter, hardware features, software feature, and/or firmware featuresmay be based on an importance of the security parameter in providingprotection to the plurality of client devices 110. For example, usingthe machine learning algorithms, the report generator 138 may rank thesecurity parameters based on the protection afforded to the plurality ofclient devices 110. In further implementations, the report may includefilters 950 to filter the plurality of client devices 110 by, forexample, the operating system version of the client device, make andmodel of the client device, or software installed on the client device,category of the client device, location of the client device, etc.

In another example, referring to FIG. 10, a risk report 1000 may includecategories 1010 of the plurality of client devices 110 according to abusiness impact of the client device 110, a percentage of at-riskdevices 160 in each category 1020, a total number of client devices 110in each category 1030, a breakdown of the device configuration of theclient devices identified as being at risk 1040, and filters 1050 tofilter the plurality of client devices 110.

In another example, referring to FIG. 11, a risk report 1100 may includecategories 1110 of the plurality of client devices 110 according thevulnerability level of the client device 110, a percentage of at-riskdevices 160 in each category 1120, a breakdown of the deviceconfiguration of the client devices 110 identified as being at risk1140, filters 1150 to filter the plurality of client devices 110, and agraph 1160 to illustrate a percentage of the at-risk devices 160. Thereport 1100 may also include a list of most compromised devices 1170 foreach category, with the list 1170 including a device name 1172 and anumber of harmful items detected on each device 1172.

In another example, referring to FIG. 12, a risk report 1200 may includecategories 1210 of the plurality of client devices 110 according thevulnerability level of the client device 110, a percentage of at-riskdevices 160 in each category 1220, a total number of client devices 110in each category 1230, a breakdown of the device configuration of theclient devices 110 identified as being at risk 1240, and filters 1250 tofilter the plurality of client devices 110.

The security manager server 130 may also include a memory configured forstoring data and/or computer-executable instructions defining and/orassociated with an operating system 106, and a processor that mayexecute the operating system. As an example, the memory can include, butis not limited to, a type of memory usable by a computer, such as randomaccess memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magnetic discs,optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combinationthereof. As an example, the processor can include, but is not limitedto, any processor specially programmed as described herein, including acontroller, microcontroller, application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), system on chip (SoC), orother programmable logic or state machine. Processor and/or memory mayexecute code that defines the functionality described herein toattribute security vulnerabilities to a configuration of a clientdevice.

Referring now to FIG. 6, an example security manager sever 130 inaccordance with an implementation includes additional component detailsas compared to FIGS. 1 and 5. In such situations, the term “server” mayalso refer to stand alone device(s) such as, desktops, laptops, smartphones, or tablets. In one example, the security manager sever 130 mayinclude processor 656 for carrying out processing functions associatedwith one or more of components and functions described herein. Processor656 can include a single or multiple set of processors or multi-coreprocessors. Moreover, processor 656 can be implemented as an integratedprocessing system and/or a distributed processing system.

The security manager sever 130 may further include memory 658, such asfor storing local versions of applications being executed by processor656. Memory 658 can include a type of memory usable by a computer, suchas random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. Additionally, processor 656 and memory 658 mayinclude and execute an operating system.

Further, security manager sever 130 may include a communicationscomponent 661 that provides for establishing and maintainingcommunications with one or more parties utilizing hardware, software,and services as described herein. Communications component 661 may carrycommunications between components on the security manager sever 130, aswell as between the security manager sever 130 and external devices,such as devices located across a communications network and/or devicesserially or locally connected to the security manager sever 130. Forexample, communications component 661 may include one or more buses, andmay further include transmit chain components and receive chaincomponents associated with a transmitter and receiver, respectively,operable for interfacing with external devices.

The security manager sever 130 may also include a user interfacecomponent 664 operable to receive inputs from a user of the securitymanager sever 130 and further operable to generate outputs forpresentation to the user. User interface component 664 may include oneor more input devices, including but not limited to a keyboard, a numberpad, a mouse, a touch-sensitive display, a navigation key, a functionkey, a microphone, a voice recognition component, any other mechanismcapable of receiving an input from a user, or any combination thereof.Further, user interface component 664 may include one or more outputdevices, including but not limited to a display, a speaker, a hapticfeedback mechanism, a printer, any other mechanism capable of presentingan output to a user, or any combination thereof. In an implementation,user interface component 664 may transmit and/or receive messagescorresponding to the operation of applications 614.

The security manager server 130 may also include the security riskcorrelator 134 that may receive the security configuration information125 and the malware state information 121 from the plurality of clientdevices 110, attestation server 120, and/or antivirus server 180,respectively. The security risk correlator 134 may also execute thesecurity risk model 105 to determine one or more sets of at-risk clientdevices 160 each having a corresponding vulnerable securityconfiguration 162 and a corresponding vulnerable security state 140.Determining the vulnerable security state 140 for each vulnerablesecurity configuration by determining an infection pattern 142 for eachof the plurality of client devices 110, and the security risk correlator134 may use the infection pattern 142 of each of the plurality of clientdevices 110 to identify the at-risk client devices 160 based on thevulnerable security state 140 of each client device 110. To achievethis, the security risk correlator 134 may execute the security riskmodel 105 to group the plurality of client devices 110 based on a numberof unique malware files m, a number of malware families f, and a numberof days malware files were detected on a client device dmax, which maybe based on a period for determining the pattern of infection 142. Thesecurity risk correlator 134 may execute the security risk model 105 tocreate a dataset 150 including the security configuration information125 of each of the plurality of client devices 110, a unique identifier152 of each of the plurality of client devices 110, and the infectionpattern 142 of each of the plurality of client devices 110 by mergingthe first and second security data profiles 112, 128 based on thecorrelation ID 126, and merging the first security profile data 112 withthe malware state information 121 to uniquely identify each clientdevice 110. The security risk correlator 134 may apply a machinelearning algorithm to the dataset 150 to determine a correlation 154between the vulnerable security state 140 of each of the plurality ofclient devices and the security configuration information 125 of each ofthe plurality of client devices 110. As a result, the security riskcorrelator 134 may attribute the vulnerable security state 140 of aclient device 110 to its device configuration. Using this correlation,the security risk correlator 134 may identify the one or more vulnerablesecurity configurations 162 that render at-risk client devices 160susceptible to one or more security risks. The security risk correlator134 may also use a trained and/or untrained machine learning algorithmto generate the vulnerability score 144 of the plurality of clientdevices 110 based on vulnerable security states of a plurality oftraining devices.

The security manager server 130 may also include a configuration updater136 that may identify one or more security parameters of each of theat-risk devices 160 that may be modified to increase a security of eachof the at-risk devices 160. To achieve this, configuration updater 136may determine an inter-correlation 164 between the security parametersthat may be used to determine whether a combination of two or moresecurity parameters, hardware features, software feature, and/orfirmware features increases, decreases, or has no effect on the securityof the at-risk devices 160. Using the inter-correlator 164, theconfiguration updater 136 may identify which combination of parametersprovides for increased security of the at-risk devices. Theconfiguration updater 136 may transmit update instructions 166 to eachof the at-risk devices 160 that includes instructions forenabling/disabling one or more security parameters based on theinter-correlation 164 and the security configuration information 125 ofthe at-risk device 160. As a result, the at-risk device 160 may updatethe security configuration information 125 to enable/disable one or moresecurity parameters to increase security of the device.

In some implementations, the security manager server 130 may alsoinclude report generator 138 that generates a risk report 170 based oncorrelations between the different security configuration information125 and the vulnerable security state 140 of the plurality of clientdevices 110. In some implementations, the risk report 170 may becustomized in accordance with user requirements. In this way, the riskreport 170 may summarize and/or present the correlations between thedifferent security configuration information 125 and the vulnerablesecurity state 140 of the plurality of client devices 110 based on theuser requirements, thereby providing for a more efficient user interfaceto access relevant information.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an example client device 110 in accordance withan implementation includes additional component details as compared toFIGS. 1 and 5. In such situations, the term “client device” may alsorefer to stand alone device(s) such as, desktops, laptops, smart phones,or tablets. In one example, the client device 110 may include processor756 for carrying out processing functions associated with one or more ofcomponents and functions described herein. Processor 756 can include asingle or multiple set of processors or multi-core processors. Moreover,processor 756 can be implemented as an integrated processing systemand/or a distributed processing system. In some implementations,processor 756 may execute the configuration update 165 received from thesecurity manager server 130 to activate one or more security parameters.

The client device 110 may further include memory 758, such as forstoring local versions of applications being executed by processor 756.Memory 758 can include a type of memory usable by a computer, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. Additionally, processor 756 and memory 758 mayinclude and execute an operating system.

The client device 110 may also include a TPM 766 that, during each bootof the client device 110, may store, in memory 758, boot data in anencrypted format hashed by a private key sealed inside the TPM, and acommunications component 761 may be used to transmit the boot data to,for example, the attestation server 120.

Further, client device 110 may include the communications component 761that provides for establishing and maintaining communications with oneor more parties utilizing hardware, software, and services as describedherein. Communications component 761 may carry communications betweencomponents on the client device 110, as well as between the clientdevice 110 and external devices, such as devices located across acommunications network and/or devices serially or locally connected tothe client device 110. For example, communications component 761 mayinclude one or more buses, and may further include transmit chaincomponents and receive chain components associated with a transmitterand receiver, respectively, operable for interfacing with externaldevices. In some implementations, the communications component 761 maybe used to communicate with the attestation 120 and/or the securitymanager server 130.

The client device 110 may also include a user interface component 764operable to receive inputs from a user of the client device 110 andfurther operable to generate outputs for presentation to the user. Userinterface component 64 may include one or more input devices, includingbut not limited to a keyboard, a number pad, a mouse, a touch-sensitivedisplay, a navigation key, a function key, a microphone, a voicerecognition component, any other mechanism capable of receiving an inputfrom a user, or any combination thereof. Further, user interfacecomponent 764 may include one or more output devices, including but notlimited to a display, a speaker, a haptic feedback mechanism, a printer,any other mechanism capable of presenting an output to a user, or anycombination thereof. In an implementation, user interface component 764may transmit and/or receive messages corresponding to the operation ofapplications 714.

The client device 110 may also include a security manager 768 componentthat includes a security monitor component 770 for storing and/orupdating the security configuration information 125 and a malwaremonitor component 772 for monitoring the malware present on the clientdevice 110.

Referring now to FIG. 8, an example attestation server 120 in accordancewith an implementation includes additional component details as comparedto FIGS. 1 and 5. In such situations, the term “server” may also referto stand alone device(s) such as, desktops, laptops, smart phones, ortablets. In one example, the attestation server 120 may includeprocessor 856 for carrying out processing functions associated with oneor more of components and functions described herein. Processor 856 caninclude a single or multiple set of processors or multi-core processors.Moreover, processor 856 can be implemented as an integrated processingsystem and/or a distributed processing system.

The attestation server 120 may further include memory 858, such as forstoring local versions of applications being executed by processor 856.Memory 858 can include a type of memory usable by a computer, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. Additionally, processor 856 and memory 858 mayinclude and execute an operating system.

Further, attestation server 120 may include a communications component861 that provides for establishing and maintaining communications withone or more parties utilizing hardware, software, and services asdescribed herein. Communications component 861 may carry communicationsbetween components on the attestation server 120, as well as between theattestation server 120 and external devices, such as devices locatedacross a communications network and/or devices serially or locallyconnected to the attestation server 120. For example, communicationscomponent 861 may include one or more buses, and may further includetransmit chain components and receive chain components associated with atransmitter and receiver, respectively, operable for interfacing withexternal devices.

The attestation server 120 may also include a user interface component864 operable to receive inputs from a user of the attestation server 120and further operable to generate outputs for presentation to the user.User interface component 864 may include one or more input devices,including but not limited to a keyboard, a number pad, a mouse, atouch-sensitive display, a navigation key, a function key, a microphone,a voice recognition component, any other mechanism capable of receivingan input from a user, or any combination thereof. Further, userinterface component 864 may include one or more output devices,including but not limited to a display, a speaker, a haptic feedbackmechanism, a printer, any other mechanism capable of presenting anoutput to a user, or any combination thereof. In an implementation, userinterface component 864 may transmit and/or receive messagescorresponding to the operation of applications 814.

The attestation server 120 may also include a validator 866 that mayverify that boot data from client device 110 matches a value computedfrom individual security parameters on client device 110. Once theattestation server 120 determines that the boot data 12 is trustworthy,the validator 866 may encrypt the boot data 12 and send the boot data 12back to a respective client device 110, as well as the security managerserver 130.

Referring now to FIG. 14, an example antivirus server 180 in accordancewith an implementation includes additional component details as comparedto FIGS. 1 and 5. In such situations, the term “server” may also referto stand alone device(s) such as, desktops, laptops, smart phones, ortablets. In one example, the antivirus server 180 may include processor1456 for carrying out processing functions associated with one or moreof components and functions described herein. Processor 1456 can includea single or multiple set of processors or multi-core processors.Moreover, processor 1456 can be implemented as an integrated processingsystem and/or a distributed processing system.

The antivirus server 180 may further include memory 1458, such as forstoring local versions of applications being executed by processor 1456.Memory 1458 can include a type of memory usable by a computer, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. Additionally, processor 1456 and memory 1458 mayinclude and execute an operating system.

Further, antivirus server 180 may include a communications component1461 that provides for establishing and maintaining communications withone or more parties utilizing hardware, software, and services asdescribed herein. Communications component 1461 may carry communicationsbetween components on the antivirus server 180, as well as between theantivirus server 180 and external devices, such as devices locatedacross a communications network and/or devices serially or locallyconnected to the antivirus server 180. For example, communicationscomponent 1461 may include one or more buses, and may further includetransmit chain components and receive chain components associated with atransmitter and receiver, respectively, operable for interfacing withexternal devices.

The antivirus server 180 may also include a user interface component1464 operable to receive inputs from a user of the antivirus server 180and further operable to generate outputs for presentation to the user.User interface component 1464 may include one or more input devices,including but not limited to a keyboard, a number pad, a mouse, atouch-sensitive display, a navigation key, a function key, a microphone,a voice recognition component, any other mechanism capable of receivingan input from a user, or any combination thereof. Further, userinterface component 1464 may include one or more output devices,including but not limited to a display, a speaker, a haptic feedbackmechanism, a printer, any other mechanism capable of presenting anoutput to a user, or any combination thereof. In an implementation, userinterface component 1464 may transmit and/or receive messagescorresponding to the operation of applications 1414.

The antivirus server 180 may also include a malware manager 1466 thatmay collect the malware state information 121 for each of the pluralityof client devices 110.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “system” and thelike are intended to include a computer-related entity, such as but notlimited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software,software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, butis not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor,an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration, both an application running on acomputer device and the computer device can be a component. One or morecomponents can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and acomponent may be localized on one computer and/or distributed betweentwo or more computers. In addition, these components can execute fromvarious computer readable media having various data structures storedthereon. The components may communicate by way of local and/or remoteprocesses such as in accordance with a signal having one or more datapackets, such as data from one component interacting with anothercomponent in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a networksuch as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal.

Moreover, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” ratherthan an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clearfrom the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean anyof the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs Aor B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; Xemploys B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and“an” as used in this application and the appended claims shouldgenerally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwiseor clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.

Various implementations or features may have been presented in terms ofsystems that may include a number of devices, components, modules, andthe like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the varioussystems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/ormay not include all of the devices, components, modules etc. discussedin connection with the figures. A combination of these approaches mayalso be used.

The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, and actions of methodsdescribed in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may beimplemented or performed with a specially-programmed one of a generalpurpose processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that theseare merely examples, and that other processors are further contemplatedin accordance with aspects of the disclosure. A general-purposeprocessor may be a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, theprocessor may be any conventional processor, controller,microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implementedas a combination of computer devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and amicroprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration. Additionally, at least one processor may comprise one ormore components operable to perform one or more of the steps and/oractions described above.

Further, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm described inconnection with the implementations disclosed herein may be embodieddirectly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, orin a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory,flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a harddisk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage mediumknown in the art. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to theprocessor, such that the processor can read information from, and writeinformation to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storagemedium may be integral to the processor. Further, in someimplementations, the processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC. Additionally, the ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In thealternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents in a user terminal. Additionally, in some implementations,the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm may reside as one orany combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a machinereadable medium and/or computer readable medium, which may beincorporated into a computer program product.

In one or more implementations, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or transmittedas one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of acomputer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example,and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM,EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used tostore desired program code in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, asused herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc,digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disksusually reproduce data magnetically, while discs usually reproduce dataoptically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be includedwithin the scope of computer-readable media.

While implementations of the present disclosure have been described inconnection with examples thereof, it will be understood by those skilledin the art that variations and modifications of the implementationsdescribed above may be made without departing from the scope hereof.Other implementations will be apparent to those skilled in the art froma consideration of the specification or from a practice in accordancewith examples disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for controlling security risks on clientdevices, comprising: receiving security configuration information for aplurality of client devices, the security configuration informationcomprising identification of at least one of security parameters,hardware configurations, or software configurations of each of theplurality of client devices; receiving malware state information for oneor more first client devices of the plurality of client devices, themalware state information comprising identification of at least one ormore types of malware on the one or more first client devices;analyzing, based on the security configuration information and themalware state information for the one or more first client devices, thesecurity configuration information and the malware state information foreach of the plurality of client devices to identify which one or moresecond client devices from the plurality of client devices having asecurity configuration that places the one or more second client devicesin a vulnerable security state; and transmitting a configuration updateto the one or more second client devices to avoid the malware associatedwith the malware state information on the one or more first clientdevices in response to the one or more second client devices being inthe vulnerable security state.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: generating an output that includes the one or more secondclient devices.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining the configuration update for at least one vulnerablesecurity state, wherein the configuration update changes one or moreconfiguration parameters of the security configuration information ofeach of the one or more second client devices to reduce or eliminate theat least one vulnerable security state; and initiating the transmittingthe configuration update to each of the one or more second clientdevices in response to the determining the configuration update.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: determining a plurality of groupsof the one or more second client devices based on the vulnerablesecurity state of each of the one or more second client devices.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the analyzing comprises comparing thesecurity configuration information for each of the plurality of clientdevices to known security configurations that place the one or moresecond client devices in the vulnerable security state.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein at least one of receiving the security configurationinformation and receiving the malware state information comprisesreceiving secure information.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereinreceiving the secure information comprises: receiving first securityprofile data from each of the plurality of client devices, wherein thefirst security profile data includes at least one of the securityconfiguration information and the malware state information from each ofthe plurality of client devices, wherein the first security profile datais based on a message exchange by each of the plurality of clientdevices with an attestation server and is an encrypted, client-sideversion of the at least one of the security configuration informationand the malware state information; and receiving second security profiledata from the attestation server for each of the plurality of clientdevices, wherein the second security profile data includes at least oneof the security configuration information and the malware stateinformation from each of the plurality of client devices, wherein thesecond security profile data is based on the message exchange by theattestation server with each of the plurality of client devices and isan encrypted, server-side version of the at least one of the securityconfiguration information and the malware state information.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: determining the vulnerablesecurity state for each security configuration by determining aninfection pattern for each of the one or more first client devices basedon one or more of a number of types of malware files present on each ofthe one or more first client devices, a number of malware files presenton each of the one or more first client devices, or a period of time themalware files have been present on each of the one or more first clientdevice; and associating one or more sets of infection patterns with acorresponding one or more vulnerable security states.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, further comprising: calculating a vulnerability score for eachof the one or more second client devices based on the infection patternfor each of the one or more first client devices, and wherein thevulnerable security state associated with each of the one or more secondclient devices is based on a respective vulnerability score of each ofthe one or more second client devices.
 10. The method of claim 1,wherein the security configuration information includes a combination ofone or more of hardware characteristics, firmware characteristics,software characteristics, or the security parameters.
 11. A computerdevice for controlling security risks on client devices, comprising: amemory to store data and instructions; and a processor in communicationwith the memory to execute the instructions to: receive securityconfiguration information for a plurality of client devices, thesecurity configuration information comprising identification of at leastone of security parameters, hardware configurations, or softwareconfigurations of each of the plurality of client devices; receivemalware state information for one or more first client devices of theplurality of client devices, the malware state information comprisingidentification of at least one or more types of malware on the one ormore first client devices; analyze, based on the security configurationinformation and the malware state information for the one or more firstclient devices, the security configuration information and the malwarestate information for of the plurality of client devices to identify oneor more second client devices from the plurality of client deviceshaving a security configuration that places the one or more secondclient devices in a vulnerable security state; and transmit aconfiguration update to the one or more second client devices to avoidthe malware associated with the malware state information on the one ormore first client devices in response to the one or more second clientdevices being in the vulnerable security state.
 12. The computer deviceof claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to:generate an output that includes the one or more second client devices.13. The computer device of claim 11, wherein the instructions arefurther executable to: determine the configuration update for at leastone vulnerable security state, wherein the configuration update changesone or more configuration parameters of the security configurationinformation of each of the one or more second client devices to reduceor eliminate the at least one vulnerable security state; and initiatetransmission of the configuration update to each of the one or moresecond client devices in response to determining the configurationupdate.
 14. The computer device of claim 11, wherein the instructionsare further executable to: determine a plurality of groups of the one ormore second client devices based on the vulnerable security state ofeach of the one or more second client devices.
 15. The computer deviceof claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to: comparethe security configuration information for each of the plurality ofclient devices to known security configurations that place the one ormore second client devices in the vulnerable security state.
 16. Thecomputer device of claim 11, wherein at least one of receiving thesecurity configuration information and receiving the malware stateinformation comprises receiving secure information.
 17. The computerdevice of claim 16, wherein receiving the secure information comprises:receiving first security profile data from each of the plurality ofclient devices, wherein the first security profile data includes atleast one of the security configuration information and the malwarestate information from each of the plurality of client devices, whereinthe first security profile data is based on a message exchange by eachof the plurality of client devices with an attestation server and is anencrypted, client-side version of the at least one of the securityconfiguration information and the malware state information; andreceiving second security profile data from the attestation server foreach of the plurality of client devices, wherein the second securityprofile data includes at least one of the security configurationinformation and the malware state information from each of the pluralityof client devices, wherein the second security profile data is based onthe message exchange by the attestation server with each of theplurality of client devices and is an encrypted, server-side version ofthe at least one of the security configuration information and themalware state information.
 18. A computer-readable device storinginstructions executable by one or more processors, the instructionscomprising code for: receiving security configuration information for aplurality of client devices, the security configuration informationcomprising identification of at least one of security parameters,hardware configurations, or software configurations of each of theplurality of client devices; receiving malware state information for oneor more first client devices of the plurality of client devices, themalware state information comprising identification of at least one ormore types of malware the one or more first client devices; analyzing,based on the security configuration information and the malware stateinformation for the one or more first client devices, the securityconfiguration information and the malware state information for of theplurality of client devices to identify one or more second clientdevices from the plurality of client devices having a securityconfiguration that places the identified one or more second clientdevices in a vulnerable security state; and transmitting a configurationupdate to the one or more second client devices to avoid the malwareassociated with the malware state information on the one or more firstclient devices in response to the one or more second client devicesbeing in the vulnerable security state.
 19. The computer-readable deviceof claim 18, the instructions further comprising code for generating anoutput that includes the one or more second client devices.
 20. Thecomputer-readable device of claim 18, the instructions furthercomprising code for: determining the configuration update for at leastone vulnerable security state, wherein the configuration update changesone or more configuration parameters of the security configurationinformation of each of the one or more second client devices to reduceor eliminate the at least one vulnerable security state; and initiatingtransmission of the configuration update to each of the one or moresecond client devices in response to determining the configurationupdate.